Biological Classification : Animalia

(i)    Heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms that are multicellular and cell wall is absent in the cell.

(ii)    Mode of nutrition is holozoic and reserve food is glycogen or fats.

(iii)  Sexual reproduction is by copulation between male and female followed by

        embryological development.

Virus, Viroids and Lichens

•  Five kingdom system of classification do not includes Virus, Viroids and Lichens.
• Viruses are non-cellular organisms having inert crystalline structure outside the living.
• When they enter the living cell, they take over the machinery of living cell to replicate themselves.
• D.J.Ivanowsky recognized certain microbes as causal organism of mosaic disease of tobacco.
• In addition to proteins, viruses also contain genetic material that could be DNA or RNA. In general, virus that infect plants have single stranded RNA and virus that infect animals have double stranded DNA.
• Some common diseases caused by virus are common cold, influenza, AIDS, small pox, leaf rolling and curling.

Bacteria feeding virus are called Bacteriophage.

Viroids are discovered by T.O.Diener as new infectious agent smaller than virus causing potato spindle tuber disease. They are free RNA without protein coat.

Lichens are symbiotic association between algae and fungi. The algal part is called Phycobiont and fungal parts are called Mycobiont. They are good pollution indicator as they do not grow in polluted area.

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